{"id":4130,"date":"2020-06-06T08:14:28","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T06:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/klett.cz\/blog\/?p=4130"},"modified":"2020-06-06T08:14:28","modified_gmt":"2020-06-06T06:14:28","slug":"psychicke-poruchy-deti-po-navratu-do-skol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/2020\/06\/06\/psychicke-poruchy-deti-po-navratu-do-skol\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychick\u00e9 poruchy d\u011bt\u00ed po n\u00e1vratu do \u0161kol"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb38lzl6-0800840bb11fcfeb23105cb8735e62c6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1><strong>Psychick\u00e9 poruchy d\u011bt\u00ed po n\u00e1vratu do \u0161kol<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0koronavirovou pandemi\u00ed byly uzav\u0159eny \u0161koly, co\u017e je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo. Mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b se v\u0161ak mluv\u00ed o tom, jak\u00fd dopad m\u011bly obavy z\u00a0nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho viru, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v, poslouch\u00e1n\u00ed rozhovor\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace, dom\u00e1c\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale t\u0159eba i masivn\u00ed hran\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch her na psychiku d\u011bt\u00ed. Krizov\u00e9 linky i jednotliv\u00ed psychologov\u00e9, funguj\u00edc\u00ed online, zaznamenali n\u00e1r\u016fst telefon\u00e1t\u016f \u010di email\u016f od d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch. Nejeden dosp\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed izolaci (\u010dasto i od t\u011bch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch), nejistotu a obavy \u0161patn\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161el \u010di doposud sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. D\u011bti na tom \u010dasto nebyly o mnoho l\u00e9pe. \u0158ada rodin se sice semknula a vyu\u017eila spole\u010dn\u011b str\u00e1ven\u00fd \u010das k\u00a0zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m, v\u00fdlet\u016fm, rozhovor\u016fm \u010di hr\u00e1m, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti se ocitly v\u00a0\u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 situaci. Byly izolov\u00e1ny u jednoho z\u00a0rodi\u010d\u016f \u010di u prarodi\u010d\u016f, v\u00a0nefunk\u010dn\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch, bez pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 podpory a p\u00e9\u010de \u010di ve vylo\u017een\u011b patologick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde nechyb\u011bl k\u0159ik, z\u00e1vislost \u010di bit\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 tresty a dokonce t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e nem\u011bly \u00faniku. Tak o tom vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed pracovn\u00edci krizov\u00fdch linek a takov\u00e1 je i m\u00e1 zku\u0161enost. I kdy\u017e \u0159ada d\u011bt\u00ed d\u00edky Bohu nez\u00edskala tyto extr\u00e9mn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, m\u00e1 za sebou t\u00fddny str\u00e1ven\u00e9 bez vrstevn\u00edk\u016f, krou\u017ek\u016f, bez z\u00e1bavy, s\u00a0netrp\u011bliv\u00fdmi rodi\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed si mnohdy nev\u011bd\u011bli rady se zad\u00e1van\u00fdmi \u0161koln\u00edmi \u00fakoly, st\u011b\u017e\u00ed st\u00edhali vlastn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u00e9\u010di o dom\u00e1cnost a \u0161koln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu s\u00a0d\u011btmi, pop\u0159. \u0159e\u0161ili existen\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti za sebou maj\u00ed hodiny tr\u00e1ven\u00e9 nad \u00fakoly o samot\u011b, bez pomoci, pop\u0159. za asistence star\u0161\u00edch sourozenc\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kb38ntri-d84b19e74d33a4e5e6d8acc1259b897f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kb38ntri-d84b19e74d33a4e5e6d8acc1259b897f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kb38ntri-d84b19e74d33a4e5e6d8acc1259b897f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kb38ntri-d84b19e74d33a4e5e6d8acc1259b897f av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-3  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4131 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4131 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66.png\" alt='' title='Na\u0301vrh bez na\u0301zvu (66)'  height=\"686\" width=\"1000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66.png 1000w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66-705x484.png 705w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-content\/uploads\/Na\u0301vrh-bez-na\u0301zvu-66-450x309.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-1e26125d131ba13f1accaa8241be1528 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kb38mzu6-05ad01dbdba313068446ace3ee08e4cf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st d\u011bti se do \u0161koly t\u011b\u0161\u00ed. Na kamar\u00e1dy, na u\u010ditele, na to, \u017ee jim zase n\u011bkdo n\u011bco dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00a0klidu vysv\u011btlit, ale i na zm\u011bnu prost\u0159ed\u00ed (na to, \u017ee nebudou muset b\u00fdt doma) a konec stereotypu. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ov\u0161em dlouh\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace a \u0161patn\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed vedly ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch (\u010di vzniku nov\u00fdch) psychick\u00fdch poruch. \u0158e\u010d je nap\u0159\u00edklad o obav\u00e1ch ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edho kontaktu, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di \u0161koln\u00edch fobi\u00edch, strachu z\u00a0u\u010ditel\u016f, ale i o dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fazkostn\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch, o depresivn\u00edm lad\u011bn\u00ed, poruch\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy, ADHD \u010di poruch\u00e1ch autistick\u00e9ho spektra.\u00a0 V\u0161ude tam, kde je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pravidelnost, d\u016fslednost, re\u017eim, ale i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola a podpora, n\u00e1cvik a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch (nap\u0159. soci\u00e1ln\u00edch) dovednost\u00ed, referuje \u0159ada rodi\u010d\u016f nebo d\u011bt\u00ed \u010di student\u016f samotn\u00fdch o zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu, v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obav\u00e1ch, nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fazkosti \u010di prohlouben\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. A je t\u0159eba o tom v\u011bd\u011bt a po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0t\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>U\u010ditel\u00e9 nejsou psychologov\u00e9 a nemohou p\u0159eb\u00edrat za d\u011bti ani rodi\u010dovskou zodpov\u011bdnost. Ale mohou b\u00fdt citliv\u00ed, v\u0161\u00edmav\u00ed a empati\u010dt\u00ed. Jeliko\u017e se k\u00a0nim d\u011bti vracej\u00ed po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b, mohou si sn\u00e1ze v\u0161imnout zm\u011bn v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m vzhledu, rozd\u00edl\u016f v\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed (agresivita, vzdorovitost, zamlklost, t\u0159es rukou, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se kontaktu), ale i v\u00a0pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (smutn\u00fd v\u00fdraz, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 projevy apod.).\u00a0 Na u\u010ditel\u00edch je, aby \u00fazkostn\u00fdm d\u011btem poskytli podporu a \u010das na postupnou aklimatizaci, aby netla\u010dili v\u00a0t\u011bch zbyl\u00fdch n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech na v\u00fdkon a nesna\u017eili se dobrat zame\u0161kan\u00e9 u\u010divo a z\u00edskat mno\u017estv\u00ed zn\u00e1mek, ale aby tohoto obdob\u00ed vyu\u017eili k\u00a0povzbuzen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, ke klidn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edch skupink\u00e1ch, k\u00a0rozvoji hezk\u00fdch vztah\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b \u010di k\u00a0vysv\u011btlen\u00ed toho, co d\u00edt\u011bti uniklo b\u011bhem dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy. Pro d\u011bti je te\u010f hlavn\u00ed rozv\u00edjen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch kontakt\u016f, obnoven\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel a postupn\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f v\u00a0tom, co d\u011bti zvl\u00e1dly \u010di nezvl\u00e1dly doma samy \u010di s\u00a0rodi\u010di, a to bez necitliv\u00e9ho srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, sout\u011b\u017een\u00ed, k\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di dokonce poukazov\u00e1n\u00ed na nedostatky. V\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b se v\u00edce ne\u017e kdy jindy v\u00a0pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed odraz\u00ed kvalita jejich dom\u00e1c\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u0161kola by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt m\u00edstem, kde za nevhodn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed ponese d\u00edt\u011b n\u00e1sledky je\u0161t\u011b jednou.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dazkostn\u00e9 d\u011bti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed znova a znova pomalu za\u017e\u00edvat \u00fasp\u011bch, aby si jejich mozek p\u0159ivykl na to, \u017ee vstup do \u0161koly, t\u0159\u00eddy, \u010di kontakt se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky nebo u\u010ditelem nen\u00ed d\u016fvodem ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stresov\u00e9 reakce. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ta u mnoha z\u00a0nich te\u010f v\u00fdrazn\u011b zes\u00edlila. D\u011bti s\u00a0poruchami pozornosti si znova pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zvyknout na pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0ru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a na pravideln\u00fd re\u017eim. Stejn\u011b tak d\u011bti s\u00a0poruchami autistick\u00e9ho spektra, u kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba op\u011bt pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci na rozv\u00edjen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho kontaktu a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Depresivn\u011b lad\u011bn\u00fdm \u010di perfekcionisticky orientovan\u00fdm d\u011btem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00e1t najevo, \u017ee nejsou pod tlakem a nen\u00ed t\u0159eba, aby za\u010daly pod\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 v\u00fdkony. Celkov\u011b je te\u010f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 myslet na to, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti mohou b\u00fdt v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejist\u00e9 a nab\u00edzet jim krom\u011b prost\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 podpory tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody na zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stresu, uklidn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di postupn\u00fd n\u00e1cvik toho, co v\u00a0nich vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obavy. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 doby si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010diny. Po u\u010ditel\u00edch se te\u010f nechce hrdinstv\u00ed, ale shov\u00edvavost, v\u0161\u00edmavost a porozum\u011bn\u00ed. Te\u010f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se v\u00edce ne\u017e kdy jindy zam\u011b\u0159it na ty nejslab\u0161\u00ed a nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ne proto, abychom je ode v\u0161eho ochr\u00e1nili, ale proto, abychom jim pomohli z\u00edskat sebed\u016fv\u011bru a vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid a v\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech jim poskytli alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00e9 klidn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, na kter\u00e9m jim nehroz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eji va\u0161im d\u011btem ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, aby se na v\u00e1s t\u011b\u0161ily a aby jim s\u00a0v\u00e1mi bylo dob\u0159e. Pokud jste empati\u010dt\u00ed, vyc\u00edt\u00edte to a bude to va\u0161\u00ed odm\u011bnou za to, \u017ee svou pr\u00e1ci d\u011bl\u00e1te dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<h3>Mgr. et Mgr. Eva Martin\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed d\u011bti n\u00e1vrat do \u0161koly po koronavirov\u00e9 krizi? Vn\u00edm\u00e1te u n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed zm\u011bny v chov\u00e1n\u00ed? Jak na n\u011b reagovat a jak k d\u011btem p\u0159istupovat?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychologie-motivace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4133,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4130\/revisions\/4133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}