{"id":3322,"date":"2019-05-24T07:00:48","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T05:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/klett.cz\/blog\/?p=3322"},"modified":"2019-05-20T13:02:54","modified_gmt":"2019-05-20T11:02:54","slug":"o-zrcadlovych-neuronech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/2019\/05\/24\/o-zrcadlovych-neuronech\/","title":{"rendered":"O zrcadlov\u00fdch neuronech"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-2de302bf1aa3cf4c9157dbe6f50ac7eb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>O zrcadlov\u00fdch neuronech<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-57fad0fc4c2b1f1d399face86b0f2ab0\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-57fad0fc4c2b1f1d399face86b0f2ab0 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-57fad0fc4c2b1f1d399face86b0f2ab0 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-57fad0fc4c2b1f1d399face86b0f2ab0 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image- avia-img-lazy-loading-not- avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/klett.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/shutterstock_788255794-300x200.jpg\" alt='' title=''   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-2de302bf1aa3cf4c9157dbe6f50ac7eb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">U\u017e jste o nich sly\u0161eli? Pokud ano, tak v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1s tento objev fascinoval podobn\u011b jako m\u011b. Pokud ne, tak se s\u00a0nimi poj\u010fte alespo\u0148 letmo sezn\u00e1mit, stoj\u00ed to za to! Od roku 1992 publikuje italsk\u00fd neurolog Giacomo Rizzolatti s\u00a0t\u00fdmem sv\u00fdch spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f \u0159adu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho mozku, o tom, co je to vlastn\u011b intuice, kde se \u201erod\u00ed\u201c empatie, jak se u\u010d\u00edme, jak komunikujeme a jak pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno objevili p\u00e1nov\u00e9 v\u00a0mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e opice ur\u010dit\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (neurony), kter\u00e9 se aktivuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bjakou \u010dinnost. Super, to je logick\u00e9, ale co s\u00a0t\u00edm? P\u00e1nov\u00e9 zkoumali mozkovou k\u016fru opic (a n\u00e1sledn\u011b i lid\u00ed) d\u00e1le a zjistili hodn\u011b zaj\u00edmavou v\u011bc, toti\u017e \u017ee stejn\u00e9 neurony se aktivuj\u00ed i ve chv\u00edli, kdy se opice (\u010dlov\u011bk) JEN D\u00cdV\u00c1 na to, jak n\u011bkdo n\u011bco d\u011bl\u00e1, nebo SLY\u0160\u00cd-LI zvuk odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed tomu, \u017ee n\u011bkdo d\u011bl\u00e1 ur\u010ditou \u010dinnost. Kdy\u017e se nad t\u00edm zamysl\u00edte, tak je to naprosto fantastick\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Zkuste si p\u0159edstavit, co se d\u011bje v\u00a0mozku \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se d\u00edv\u00e1 na to, jak jeden \u010dlov\u011bk dr\u017e\u00ed druh\u00e9ho za ruku, jak se n\u011bkdo na n\u011bkoho usm\u011bje, nebo co se d\u011bje v\u00a0jeho mozku, kdy\u017e se d\u00edv\u00e1 na to, jak jeden druh\u00e9ho bije, mu\u010d\u00ed, \u0161krt\u00ed, st\u0159\u00edl\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch pokusech byla kup\u0159\u00edkladu sn\u00edm\u00e1na aktivita obli\u010dejov\u00fdch sval\u016f u dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. T\u011bm byly prom\u00edt\u00e1ny na p\u011bt milisekund r\u016fzn\u00e9 obli\u010deje a dostali zad\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se tv\u00e1\u0159ili po celou dobu pokud mo\u017eno neutr\u00e1ln\u011b. M\u011b\u0159en\u00edm bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee a\u010d pokusn\u00e1 osoba vid\u011bla obli\u010deje opravdu jen na velmi kr\u00e1tkou dobu, m\u011bla tendenci \u201ezrcadlit\u201c ten v\u00fdraz obli\u010deje, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ed n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b objevil. U neutr\u00e1ln\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00edch obli\u010dej\u016f se pozorovan\u00fd jedinec tv\u00e1\u0159il neutr\u00e1ln\u011b, ale objevil-li se na zlomek sekundy obli\u010dej s\u00a0\u00fasm\u011bvem, kter\u00fd pokusn\u00e1 osoba v\u00a0t\u00e9 rychlosti nemohla ani v\u011bdom\u011b zaznamenat, aktivovaly se v\u00a0obli\u010deji t\u00e9to osoby pr\u00e1v\u011b svaly souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0\u00fasm\u011bvem. Obdobn\u011b u rozzloben\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu nev\u011bdom\u011b a bleskurychle \u201ezapracovaly\u201c svaly na \u010dele a do\u0161lo k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vr\u00e1sek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Zrcadlov\u00e9 neurony a nev\u011bdom\u00e9 napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka vede k\u00a0tomu, co sami dob\u0159e zn\u00e1te \u2013 nap\u0159. z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo vedle v\u00e1s z\u00edvne, nebo otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pusy u osoby, kter\u00e1 krm\u00ed mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b.\u00a0 Jde o to, \u017ee jedna osoba m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch vyvolat spont\u00e1nn\u011b a nev\u011bdom\u011b stejn\u00e9 reakce a pocity, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 ona sama. V\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b to nevn\u00edm\u00e1me, i kdy\u017e c\u00edt\u00edme, \u017ee s\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi lidmi jsme \u201ena jedn\u00e9 vln\u011b\u201c a s\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi se nec\u00edt\u00edme dob\u0159e. V\u0161\u00edm\u00e1me si toho a\u017e v\u00a0situac\u00edch, kdy o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me n\u011bjakou p\u0159irozenou reakci druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka a ona nenastane. Nap\u0159. vypr\u00e1v\u00edme-li n\u011bkomu o bolesti, je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee se ve v\u00fdrazu jeho tv\u00e1\u0159e \u201eodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u201c bolest, kterou mu popisujeme. Pokud druh\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk reaguje v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli \u00fasm\u011bvem, vn\u00edm\u00e1me, \u017ee \u201eje n\u011bco \u0161patn\u011b\u201c. Stejn\u011b tak jedno usm\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed se d\u00edt\u011b v\u00a0ko\u010d\u00e1rku v\u00a0dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edku vyvol\u00e1 \u00fasm\u011bv t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se na n\u011bj pod\u00edvaj\u00ed. Toto zrcadlen\u00ed neprob\u00edh\u00e1 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch nebo u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v\u00a0dan\u00e9 chv\u00edli ve velmi \u0161patn\u00e9m du\u0161evn\u00edm rozpolo\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">T\u00e9matu zrcadlov\u00fdch neuron\u016f a tomu, jak\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos mohou m\u00edt objevy v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti pro v\u00fdchovu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, se budeme podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnovat v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch. Na \u00favod n\u00e1m sta\u010d\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed toho, \u017ee kdy\u017e z\u00a0u\u010ditele vyza\u0159uje klid a pohoda, aktivuj\u00ed se v\u00a0mozc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed a student\u016f neurony souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0jejich klidem a pohodou. \u00dasm\u011bv m\u00e1 tendenci vyvolat \u00fasm\u011bv, podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost vede k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnosti. Zkuste to sledovat, zkuste s\u00a0t\u00edm experimentovat, zkuste na to myslet. To, \u017ee p\u0159ijde-li do t\u0159\u00eddy na\u0161tvan\u00fd a zamra\u010den\u00fd u\u010ditel, bude v\u00a0n\u00ed divn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, je fakt. V\u00fdraznou roli v\u00a0tom ov\u0161em hraje i v\u00e1\u0161 vztah k\u00a0d\u011btem a jejich vztah k\u00a0v\u00e1m. O tom ale zase n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">V\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed konce roku v\u00e1m d\u00e1m jeden tip. Vyhled\u00e1vejte lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se usm\u00edvaj\u00ed (a nejde p\u0159itom o \u00fasm\u011bv ze zoufalstv\u00ed nebo poblouzn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0tot\u00e1ln\u00edho vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed). Ud\u011bl\u00e1 v\u00e1m to dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='avia-team-member av-av_team_member-cb9d78a1e92c215a54834f30acaee746  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><h3 class='team-member-name '  itemprop=\"name\" >Mgr. et Mgr. Eva Martin\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/h3><span class='hidden team-member-affiliation'  itemprop=\"affiliation\" >Sout\u011b\u017ee Fraus Klett<\/span><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, v \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 schopnost empatie, intuice a souc\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed s bolest\u00ed \u010di radost\u00ed druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka? Poj\u010fte se za\u010d\u00edst do krati\u010dk\u00e9ho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku o objevu zrcadlov\u00fdch neuron\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m mozku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[453],"class_list":["post-3322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychologie-motivace","tag-neurony"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3322"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3394,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3322\/revisions\/3394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/soutez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}