{"id":4424,"date":"2020-09-28T08:53:46","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T06:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/klett.cz\/blog\/?p=4424"},"modified":"2020-09-28T12:43:14","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T10:43:14","slug":"sikana-tema-ktere-je-stale-aktualni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/2020\/09\/28\/sikana-tema-ktere-je-stale-aktualni\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160ikana \u2013 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fw6awo-26665db26e64523021bffec4f83b5fee\">\n.flex_column.av-fw6awo-26665db26e64523021bffec4f83b5fee{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-fw6awo-26665db26e64523021bffec4f83b5fee av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kev5h7ar-126f3134c1a2b7ca49d1682872e35caa '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>\u0160ikana \u2013 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p><strong>T\u00e9ma st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, a to nejen ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b stoj\u00ed d\u011bti, studenti, \u010di jejich rodi\u010de a dom\u00e1haj\u00ed se \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed za \u0161ikanu, ale p\u0159itom o \u0161ikanu nejde. Na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 stoj\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o tom, \u017ee se o \u0161ikanu nejedn\u00e1, i kdy\u017e p\u0159ed sebou maj\u00ed \u0161ikanovan\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, nebo u\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed dojem, \u017ee se ur\u010dit\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b chov\u00e1 takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee si o \u0161ikanu vlastn\u011b sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem samo koleduje (a nejsou p\u0159itom daleko od pravdy). A ve v\u0161em\u00a0tom zmatku a protich\u016fdn\u00fdch v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00edch se motaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni \u2013 rodi\u010de, u\u010ditel\u00e9 i d\u011bti v\u00a0rol\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed \u010di sv\u011bdk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou skute\u010dn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ikany, a kte\u0159\u00ed nev\u011bd\u00ed, co maj\u00ed vlastn\u011b d\u011blat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-e20eg8-919f4aa873aa77525ca9874b7bba0949\">\n.flex_column.av-e20eg8-919f4aa873aa77525ca9874b7bba0949{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-e20eg8-919f4aa873aa77525ca9874b7bba0949 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kev5hjzj-4ace7a6e96bd75f17d056ca5c851f532 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>U d\u011bt\u00ed je nejistota nebo bezradnost pochopiteln\u00e1 a o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1. Smutn\u00fd a neomluviteln\u00fd je ov\u0161em fakt, \u017ee dosp\u011bl\u00ed lid\u00e9, na n\u011b\u017e se d\u00edt\u011b obr\u00e1t\u00ed s\u00a0prosbou o pomoc, si nejen \u010dasto nev\u011bd\u00ed rady, ale sv\u00fdm postupem situaci je\u0161t\u011b znateln\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed. Realita je takov\u00e1, \u017ee se s\u00a0\u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00edm ve \u0161kole setk\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0roli sv\u011bdk\u016f a \u0159ada d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0161ikanov\u00e1ny, si trauma z\u00a0t\u00e9to zku\u0161enosti odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed s\u00a0sebou d\u00e1le do \u017eivota. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u010dasto prob\u00edran\u00e9 t\u00e9ma jak u \u0161koln\u00edch \u010di d\u011btsk\u00fdch psycholog\u016f, tak i v\u00a0psychologick\u00fdch poradn\u00e1ch pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem \u00fazkost\u00ed, depres\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch fobi\u00ed, poruch p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy \u010di tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00edm sebe sama a s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm sebev\u011bdom\u00edm. Shrneme-li to, \u0161ikana je velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 velk\u00fd dopad na psychiku z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch. Ve v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0depresi,\u00a0sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di kon\u010dit zhroucen\u00edm nebo sebevra\u017edou. Co bychom tedy m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c71zrc-0791fbe2373f7a8dcc888cb40182f304\">\n.flex_column.av-c71zrc-0791fbe2373f7a8dcc888cb40182f304{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-c71zrc-0791fbe2373f7a8dcc888cb40182f304 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kev5pfch-4c5f363cde5d982ab53348a36ac9f294\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kev5pfch-4c5f363cde5d982ab53348a36ac9f294 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kev5pfch-4c5f363cde5d982ab53348a36ac9f294 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kev5pfch-4c5f363cde5d982ab53348a36ac9f294 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4425 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4425 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40.png\" alt='' title='40'  height=\"686\" width=\"1000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40.png 1000w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40-705x484.png 705w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/40-450x309.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a4vt7s-01f3149a5ceba5844c93636bdb3c3cea\">\n.flex_column.av-a4vt7s-01f3149a5ceba5844c93636bdb3c3cea{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-a4vt7s-01f3149a5ceba5844c93636bdb3c3cea av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kev5itmc-af5c8d818ff8d71c10cfc7662e1a3191 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>P\u0159edn\u011b si pot\u0159ebujeme ujasnit, \u017ee o \u0161ikanu se jedn\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy jedinec nebo skupina v\u011bdom\u011b a opakovan\u011b ubli\u017euj\u00ed n\u011bkomu dal\u0161\u00edmu. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem nepova\u017eujeme za \u0161ikanu jednor\u00e1zovou h\u00e1dku, ur\u00e1\u017eku \u010di fyzick\u00fd kontakt mezi d\u011btmi, ani situaci, kdy se dv\u011b d\u011bti (\u010di dv\u011b skupiny) nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1dy a d\u011blaj\u00ed si navz\u00e1jem naschv\u00e1ly. O \u0161ikanu se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m jednostrann\u00e9m ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, ur\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, bit\u00ed \u010di vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 tendenci se stup\u0148ovat. Ale pozor! Jednou z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch chyb, j\u00ed\u017e se u\u010ditel\u00e9 \u010di vychovatel\u00e9 dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0\u0161ikanou, je to, pokud \u010dekaj\u00ed a\u017e na tyto v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 projevy a teprve pot\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed situaci \u0159e\u0161it. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le ve skupin\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 toto negativn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di n\u011bkomu, t\u00edm v\u00edce jsou j\u00edm po\u0161kozeny vztahy v\u00a0cel\u00e9 skupin\u011b a t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed cel\u00e9 situace. P\u0159i \u0161ikan\u011b toti\u017e nejde jen o agresora a ob\u011b\u0165. Ve funguj\u00edc\u00edm kolektivu s\u00a0dobr\u00fdmi vztahy toti\u017e agresor nem\u00e1 moc \u0161anc\u00ed sv\u00e9 ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rozjet, proto\u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee zafunguje zdrav\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u0159\u00eddy a agresora v\u010das usm\u011brn\u00ed. Prob\u00edh\u00e1-li \u0161ikana nap\u0159. ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b s\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00edm ostatn\u00edch, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vztahy u\u017e naru\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00edce, ne\u017e by se na prvn\u00ed pohled mohlo zd\u00e1t. Na co se tedy zam\u011b\u0159it?<\/p>\n<p>Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t st\u00e1dia \u0161ikany, tedy jak\u00fdsi \u201evzorec\u201c, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m popisuje, jak se \u0161ikana v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00a0kolektivu rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed a jak postupuje. Prvn\u00edm st\u00e1diem je toti\u017e st\u00e1dium naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 jako ostrakismus, tedy vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9ho jedince (pop\u0159. skupiny) z\u00a0kolektivu. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se t\u0159\u00edda s\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem nebav\u00ed, nikdo vedle n\u011bj nechce sed\u011bt, kdy\u017e se d\u011bti rozd\u011bluj\u00ed do skupin, jedno d\u00edt\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 samo. Samotn\u00e9 je i o p\u0159est\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, p\u0159esunech do jin\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd \u010di do kina apod. \u010casem se mohou p\u0159id\u00e1vat nar\u00e1\u017eky na n\u011bco, co se tohoto d\u00edt\u011bte t\u00fdk\u00e1, posm\u011b\u0161ky, schv\u00e1lnosti, \u00fa\u0161klebky ve chv\u00edli, kdy dan\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b mluv\u00ed, \u010dte, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 u tabule apod. Tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161ikana. Tady je prostor, kdy jsou vztahy v\u00a0kolektivu je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e ovlivniteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee s\u00a0ostrakismem se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me \u010dasto ve chv\u00edli, kdy se utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00fd kolektiv (v hor\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech ve chv\u00edli, kdy n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ijde do stmelen\u00e9ho kolektivu a nezapadne tam). A tady je ta chv\u00edle, kdy vzd\u011blan\u00fd, empatick\u00fd a skute\u010dn\u011b lidsk\u00fd u\u010ditel zbyst\u0159\u00ed a za\u010dne \u201efungovat\u201c. V\u00a0tomto okam\u017eiku je p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 neupozor\u0148ovat na d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 do kolektivu nezapad\u00e1, ale zapracovat na zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed vztah\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, za\u0159adit stmelovac\u00ed aktivity, podpo\u0159it soudr\u017enost kolektivu, nen\u00e1siln\u011b a promy\u0161len\u011b uk\u00e1zat ostatn\u00edm, v\u00a0\u010dem je \u201eodstr\u010den\u00e9\u201c d\u00edt\u011b dobr\u00e9 a pokusit se p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b do stmelov\u00e1n\u00ed zapojit ty lidi ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, na jejich\u017e n\u00e1zor ostatn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny daj\u00ed. Je dobr\u00e9 reagovat klidn\u011b ale rozhodn\u011b na jak\u00e9koliv posm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky \u010di \u00fa\u0161klebky, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se odstr\u010den\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte. R\u00e1da bych napsala, \u017ee je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, \u017ee u u\u010ditele jsou posm\u011b\u0161ky rovn\u011b\u017e neodpustiteln\u00e9, ale realita je \u017eel takov\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159ada u\u010ditel\u016f pozici odstr\u010den\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm zhor\u0161uje, pop\u0159. podporuje rivalitu, \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed, poukazov\u00e1n\u00ed na chyby druh\u00fdch apod. A domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina u\u010ditel\u016f bohu\u017eel nev\u00ed, \u017ee odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte kolektivem je prvn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161ikany. (Jsem vd\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 za v\u0161echny, kte\u0159\u00ed do\u010detli text a\u017e sem).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8zb41k-bcacef57b30d1a52a1b624e158f781dd\">\n.flex_column.av-8zb41k-bcacef57b30d1a52a1b624e158f781dd{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8zb41k-bcacef57b30d1a52a1b624e158f781dd av_one_full  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kev5pv3c-afe9b406720dac1e8cffb40a4dd76975\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kev5pv3c-afe9b406720dac1e8cffb40a4dd76975 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kev5pv3c-afe9b406720dac1e8cffb40a4dd76975 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kev5pv3c-afe9b406720dac1e8cffb40a4dd76975 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4426 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4426 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39.png\" alt='' title='39'  height=\"686\" width=\"1000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39.png 1000w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39-705x484.png 705w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/39-450x309.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8046h4-8d2b5038e6a66a2627d8ed0b4a279d2a\">\n.flex_column.av-8046h4-8d2b5038e6a66a2627d8ed0b4a279d2a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8046h4-8d2b5038e6a66a2627d8ed0b4a279d2a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kev5mtzh-e07b791d8e300b18ee5b9bbb64087698 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch se ur\u00e1\u017eky, v\u00fdsm\u011bch a odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed stup\u0148uj\u00ed a postupn\u011b se za\u010dne objevovat fyzick\u00e1 agrese, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi projevy a postupn\u011b m\u00e1 tendenci eskalovat. T\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze, kdy se ob\u011b\u0165 za\u010dne setk\u00e1vat s\u00a0fyzickou agres\u00ed, je zlomov\u00e1. Zde je\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zas\u00e1hnout zdrav\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st kolektivu a je mo\u017en\u00e9 vztahy zachr\u00e1nit, pokud agresor (\u010di agreso\u0159i) pochop\u00ed, \u017ee mu jeho chov\u00e1n\u00ed nebude tolerov\u00e1no a \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 nen\u00ed osamocen\u00e1. V\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi kamar\u00e1di \u010di spolu\u017e\u00e1ci ob\u011bti \u010dasto zkou\u0161ej\u00ed z\u00edskat podporu a pomoc dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lid\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji u\u010ditel\u016f. Kdy\u017e k\u00a0tomu nedojde, nebo u\u010ditel ve sv\u00e9 roli sel\u017ee, dost\u00e1v\u00e1 se \u0161ikana do sv\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny postupn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed normy a zp\u016fsoby chov\u00e1n\u00ed agresor\u016f a bu\u010f ze strachu, nebo z\u00a0pocitu bezmoci p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed\u00a0tomu, jak je n\u011bkomu ubli\u017eov\u00e1no. Nez\u0159\u00eddka se k\u00a0\u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed i sami p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed, nebo jej podn\u011bcuj\u00ed. Pokud se ani tady nestane nic, co by prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ikanu zastavilo, rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed se tzv. brut\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ikana neboli totalita. Ob\u011b\u0165 se hrout\u00ed, a to jak psychicky, tak i fyzicky. Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 situace, kdy selhaly jak vztahy v\u00a0kolektivu, tak tak\u00e9 v\u0161ichni dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli post\u0159ehnout n\u00e1znaky, nebo o tom, co se v\u00a0kolektivu d\u011bje, p\u0159\u00edmo v\u011bd\u011bli a nezas\u00e1hli. Jak tedy m\u00e1me spr\u00e1vn\u011b postupovat p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0161ikany?<\/p>\n<p>Jak u\u017e bylo nazna\u010deno v\u00fd\u0161e, v\u0161\u00edmejme si nezdrav\u00fdch vztah\u016f v\u00a0kolektivu hned na po\u010d\u00e1tku, podporujme p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, spolupr\u00e1ci, u\u010dme d\u011bti p\u0159ij\u00edmat odli\u0161nosti, nikdy se nevyjad\u0159ujme o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m d\u00edt\u011bti p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi nelichotiv\u011b, reagujme na posm\u011b\u0161ky, ur\u00e1\u017eky, ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, odm\u00edtav\u00e9 reakce v\u016f\u010di komukoliv, zd\u016fraz\u0148ujme t\u0159\u00edd\u011b (\u010di skupin\u011b), \u017ee jsou parta a jen kdy\u017e budou dr\u017eet p\u0159i sob\u011b, bude jim spolu dob\u0159e. U\u010dme je, \u017ee jak\u00e9koliv negativn\u00ed vztahy ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b zas\u00e1hnou nutn\u011b celou skupinu a \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba v\u0161echny lidi milovat, ale je t\u0159eba je respektovat a zkou\u0161et pochopit. Kdy\u017e zaregistrujeme, \u017ee se vztahy zhor\u0161uj\u00ed a n\u011bkdo n\u011bkomu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ubli\u017eovat, reagujme na to a nebagatelizujme tento probl\u00e9m. Dejme najevo agresorovi, \u017ee jeho chov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodn\u011b nebudeme ani tolerovat, ani p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet a ob\u011bti dejme najevo, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt d\u016fv\u011bru a m\u016f\u017ee se na n\u00e1s kdykoliv obr\u00e1tit. Je dobr\u00e9 se poradit s\u00a0odborn\u00edkem a zav\u010dasu pracovat s\u00a0celou t\u0159\u00eddou, pop\u0159. zajistit d\u00edt\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se ocit\u00e1 v\u00a0roli ob\u011bti, psychologickou pomoc. Zku\u0161en\u00fd psycholog dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit, \u010d\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee druh\u00e9 \u201eprovokovat\u201c a m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edt\u011bti \u010dasto pomoci v\u00a0tom, aby se nau\u010dilo chovat jinak. U brut\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ikany u\u017e je \u201ev\u0161echno \u0161patn\u011b\u201c. Tam se neobejdeme bez odborn\u00edka, bez Policie \u010cR, rodi\u010d\u016f, psychologa, ani bez veden\u00ed \u0161koly. Postup \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed brut\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ikany by byl t\u00e9matem na samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek a tolik prostoru zde nem\u00e1me. Poj\u010fme se proto je\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1tce sezn\u00e1mit s\u00a0t\u00edm, na co si d\u00e1t pozor a \u010demu se p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0161ikany vyhnout.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0\u0161ikanou, nebagatelizujte to. U\u017e samotn\u00fd fakt, \u017ee se d\u00edt\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed nep\u0159ijat\u00e9 a osam\u011bl\u00e9 (obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy jsou pro n\u011bj vrstevn\u00edci obrovsky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed), jej m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit a poznamenat. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u011bti, u kter\u00fdch c\u00edt\u00edte, \u017ee si o to \u201ekoleduj\u00ed\u201c (jsou v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed), pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pomoc. D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 u\u017e n\u011bkdy \u0161ikanovan\u00e9 byly, se \u010dasto identifikuj\u00ed s\u00a0rol\u00ed ob\u011bti a za\u010dnou se specificky chovat, p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed se br\u00e1nit, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed najevo svou bezmocnost \u010di neschopnost. Ned\u011blaj\u00ed to v\u011bdom\u011b! Nev\u011b\u0159te tomu, \u017ee \u0161ikanuj\u00ed pouze takov\u00ed ti \u201edareb\u00e1ci od pohledu\u201c. Agresorem se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 na u\u010ditele p\u016fsob\u00ed mile, ochotn\u011b a p\u0159\u00e1telsky. Nikdy ne\u0159e\u0161te \u0161ikanu, kterou v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo nahl\u00e1s\u00ed, p\u0159ed celou t\u0159\u00eddou. D\u011bje se to \u010dasto a vede to jen k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se v\u00e1m ob\u011b\u0165 u\u017e nikdy nesv\u011b\u0159\u00ed, proto\u017ee j\u00ed sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm jen p\u0159it\u00ed\u017e\u00edte. Je t\u0159eba si vyslechnout ob\u011b\u0165, naj\u00edt sv\u011bdky a pobavit se s\u00a0nimi, ochr\u00e1nit ob\u011b\u0165 a a\u017e teprve pot\u00e9 se bavit s\u00a0agresorem. Pokud v\u00e1m ob\u011b\u0165 \u010di inform\u00e1to\u0159i ozn\u00e1m\u00ed \u0161ikanu a vy si zavol\u00e1te agresora, \u0159eknu v\u00e1m p\u0159esn\u011b, co nastane. Agresor v\u0161echno pop\u0159e. A pokud ud\u011bl\u00e1te tu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chybu, kterou ud\u011blat m\u016f\u017eete, toti\u017e \u017ee si k\u00a0sob\u011b v\u00a0jednu chv\u00edli pozvete agresora i ob\u011b\u0165, tak v\u00e1m v\u0161echno pop\u0159e i ona ob\u011b\u0165. Logicky. Proto\u017ee m\u00e1 strach. Proto\u017ee v\u00ed, \u017ee po t\u00e9to konfrontaci bude m\u00edt co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0na\u0161tvan\u00fdm agresorem. Zn\u00e1m takovou situaci z\u00a0praxe. U\u010ditel donutil ob\u011b\u0165 a agresora, aby si podali ruce, \u0159ekli, \u017ee jsou vlastn\u011b kamar\u00e1di a poslal je do t\u0159\u00eddy s\u00a0pocitem, jak hezky celou situaci vy\u0159e\u0161il, proto\u017ee si v\u0161ichni sl\u00edbili, \u017ee u\u017e se budou chovat p\u011bkn\u011b. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0ten den agresor ob\u011b\u0165 mimo \u0161kolu napadl a zbil.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6j3bc8-6f6770ba836d94874350aabcc7e90584\">\n.flex_column.av-6j3bc8-6f6770ba836d94874350aabcc7e90584{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6j3bc8-6f6770ba836d94874350aabcc7e90584 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3sduyg-fa275d4f97df205dcdab8e8bef76af58\">\n.avia-image-container.av-3sduyg-fa275d4f97df205dcdab8e8bef76af58 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-3sduyg-fa275d4f97df205dcdab8e8bef76af58 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-3sduyg-fa275d4f97df205dcdab8e8bef76af58 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4430 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4430 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5.png\" alt='' title='Klett Blog (5)'  height=\"686\" width=\"1000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5.png 1000w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5-705x484.png 705w, https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-content\/uploads\/Klett-Blog-5-450x309.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1w084o-865c5b3f7e4be522f573aed53a5e0225\">\n.flex_column.av-1w084o-865c5b3f7e4be522f573aed53a5e0225{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1w084o-865c5b3f7e4be522f573aed53a5e0225 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kev5ogfk-51e3441e70be0b719edd88a9c42b2283 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Na z\u00e1v\u011br mi dovolte p\u00e1r osobn\u00edch slov. M\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u011bti. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou mil\u00e9, n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1s dok\u00e1\u017eou vyto\u010dit nebo n\u00e1m nejsou sympatick\u00e9. Ale a\u0165 je d\u00edt\u011b jak\u00e9koliv, je to po\u0159\u00e1d d\u00edt\u011b. Jsme za n\u011bj zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed. Jako u\u010ditel\u00e9, jako rodi\u010de, jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed lid\u00e9. Pokud jsme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o tom, \u017ee \u0161ikanu pozn\u00e1me a dok\u00e1\u017eeme \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it, je to super. Pokud ne, nesty\u010fme se pt\u00e1t, \u010d\u00edst, zaj\u00edmat se o toto t\u00e9ma, nebo konzultovat s\u00a0odborn\u00edkem. Do tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku se ani zdaleka nevejde to, co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Jde zde vlastn\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e jen o povzbuzen\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, abychom se zaj\u00edmali a nebyli lhostejn\u00ed. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.online-psycholog.com\">www.online-psycholog.com<\/a> je voln\u011b ke sta\u017een\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pdf soubor o \u0161ikan\u011b, kter\u00fd se obrac\u00ed na u\u010ditele, rodi\u010de i samotn\u00e9 d\u011bti (\u0160ikan\u011b tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159). Pokud chcete, vyu\u017eijte jej. K\u00e9\u017e se v\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed podporovat v\u00a0d\u011btech v\u0161e dobr\u00e9 a chr\u00e1nit ty, kte\u0159\u00ed to sami nedok\u00e1\u017eou.<\/p>\n<h4>Mgr. et Mgr. Eva Martin\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ikana, nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 je bohu\u017eel st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. A to nejen ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Jak rozpoznat \u0161ikanu u\u017e v jej\u00edm z\u00e1rodku? Jak\u00e1 jsou stadia \u0161ikany a jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b reagovat a jednat, pokud se \u0161ikana ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b objev\u00ed? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychologie-motivace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4424"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4490,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424\/revisions\/4490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klett.cz\/konference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}